E-Learning

SaltPower Racer

Generate electricity with saltwater and power the racer

The Saltwater Cell

A saltwater cell works like a small battery. It generates electric current without the need for hazardous chemicals. Instead, it simply uses saltwater as the electrolyte.

The generated current can, for example, be used to power the motor of the Salt Power Racer.

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Structure of the Saltwater Cell

The saltwater cell consists of several important components:


  • 1. Magnesium Anode

    The magnesium anode is the power source of the saltwater cell. It consists of magnesium, a base metal.

    When the anode comes into contact with saltwater, a chemical reaction begins. In this process, the magnesium releases electrons. These electrons flow through the external circuit and generate electric current.

    Important:
    The magnesium anode gradually wears down over time. The metal oxidizes, meaning it "rusts" or slowly dissolves.

  • 2. Separator

    The separator is located between the magnesium anode and the carbon cathode. It electrically separates the two electrodes.

    This prevents direct contact between the metal plates. Without a separator, a short circuit could occur.

    At the same time, the separator absorbs saltwater. This allows it to transport ions. These ions ensure that the electrical circuit within the cell remains closed.

    The separator therefore has two important functions:

    • It prevents short circuits.
    • It enables ion transport in saltwater.

  • 3. Carbon Cathode / Gas Diffusion Layer

    The black carbon layer forms the cathode of the saltwater cell. In the image, it is referred to as the Gas Diffusion Layer.

    Electrons arrive at the cathode that were previously released by the magnesium anode. They are absorbed there and enable the further electrochemical reaction.

    The Gas Diffusion Layer distributes reaction gases evenly across the surface and supports electron transport. Due to its porous structure, it offers a large active surface area. This allows the reaction to proceed more stably and efficiently.

    Note:
    The black carbon cathode is fragile. If it tears or breaks into two pieces, it is usually not a problem. The saltwater cell can still function.

    How does the saltwater cell work?

    For the saltwater cell to generate electricity, the components must work together correctly.

    1. The magnesium anode, the separator, and the carbon cathode are assembled.
    2. The separator is wetted with saltwater.
    3. The saltwater acts as an electrolyte and enables ion transport.
    4. Oxidation takes place at the magnesium anode. The magnesium releases electrons.
    5. The electrons flow through the external circuit to the cathode.
    6. This flow of electrons is the electric current that can drive the motor.
    7. Inside the cell, ions move through the saltwater to balance the charges.

    Simply put:

    The saltwater makes it possible for the chemical reaction between the electrodes to occur. This generates electric current.

    Why is salt important in water?
    Care and helpful tips
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